When applying to immigrate to the U.S., you will typically be required to undergo a medical examination as part of the process. The specific requirements for the medical exam may vary depending on your country, so it’s important to check with your local U.S. embassy or consulate for detailed information. However, one common requirement across all applicants is proof of specific vaccinations. This guide explains which vaccinations are required, whether there are exemptions, and what happens if you don’t have proof of vaccination.
Vaccination Requirements for U.S. Visa Applicants
The following vaccinations are mandatory for individuals applying for U.S. immigration:
- Mumps
- Measles
- Rubella
- Polio
- Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids
- Pertussis
- Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib)
- Hepatitis B
- Seasonal flu vaccine (required if your medical exam occurs during flu season, typically October 1 to March 31)
- COVID-19 vaccine
Who Decides Which Vaccines Are Required?
The Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) sets the vaccination guidelines for the U.S. population. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regularly reviews these guidelines and determines which vaccines are necessary for immigration purposes based on the following criteria:
- The vaccine must be age-appropriate.
- It must protect against a disease that could cause an outbreak or one that is being eliminated in the U.S.
Some vaccines are explicitly listed in the Immigration and Nationality Act, including mumps, measles, rubella, polio, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, pertussis, Hib, and hepatitis B.
How Do I Know Which Vaccines I Need?
The physician conducting your medical examination will review your vaccination records to determine which vaccines are needed. They will then record the vaccinations you’ve had, as well as any new ones administered during the exam, on Form I-693 (Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record).
It is important to bring any available vaccination documents to the medical examination to avoid delays. You can contact the physician in advance to confirm the required vaccines for your specific case.
Do I Have to Receive All the Vaccines on the List?
Not necessarily. You will only need the vaccines that are deemed age-appropriate for you. If you have already received some of the required vaccines, you may not need to take them again, but you must provide proof of your prior vaccinations.
If your vaccination records are incomplete or you are missing certain vaccines, the physician will administer the missing vaccines during the exam.
Can I Get Vaccinated Before My Medical Examination?
Yes, if you don’t have proof of vaccination, it may be quicker to get vaccinated before your medical exam. However, you should first confirm with the physician what documentation or paperwork is required. If you choose to get vaccinated elsewhere, bring the proof to your medical exam to avoid delays.
Do I Need to Visit the Physician Multiple Times for Vaccinations?
For most vaccines, you will only need to receive the first dose at the physician’s office. After that, you can complete the vaccine series through your private healthcare provider, without needing to show proof to the U.S. officials.
What If I’m Pregnant and Don’t Want to Get Vaccinated?
Certain vaccinations may not be safe during pregnancy. If a vaccine cannot be given safely, the physician will note this on your Form I-693. The CDC provides specific guidelines for administering vaccines during pregnancy.
Do I Need a Seasonal Flu Vaccine?
Yes, if your medical appointment takes place during flu season (from October 1 to March 31), you will be required to have the seasonal flu vaccine.
Who Pays for the Vaccinations?
The applicant is responsible for the costs of the medical examination and any required vaccinations.
Can I Be Denied a Visa if I Refuse to Get Vaccinated?
Refusing required vaccinations could lead to a denial of your visa application unless you have moral or religious objections.
What If I Refuse to Get One or More of the Required Vaccines?
If you refuse any required vaccinations, you must inform the physician and provide the reason for your refusal. You may be able to apply for a waiver if you have religious or moral objections, but you must demonstrate that your beliefs are sincere.
To apply for a waiver, you will need to file Form I-601 (Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility) if you are seeking legal permanent residence.
What If the Vaccine Is Not Available?
If the required vaccine is unavailable, ask the physician whether another healthcare provider has it. If you get the vaccine elsewhere, bring the proof of vaccination back to the physician so they can complete your Form I-693.
What Happens If the Vaccination Chart Is Incomplete?
If your vaccination chart is incomplete when the medical exam is done, USCIS may return your Form I-693 for correction. To avoid delays, make sure all required vaccines are recorded and properly documented before submission.
