If you’re a green card holder and wish to become a U.S. citizen, Form N-400 is the crucial first step in your journey toward naturalization. This guide will walk you through the process, explaining the requirements, timeline, costs, and necessary documents for filing the Application for Naturalization with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
What is Form N-400 (U.S. Citizenship Application)?
Form N-400 is an official document used to apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization. If you are a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) and meet certain eligibility requirements, this is the form you will submit to USCIS to start the process of becoming a U.S. citizen.
In fiscal year 2023, USCIS announced the successful reduction of the citizenship application backlog, and processing times have continued to improve. As of April 2024, the cost to file Form N-400 is $760.
Key Update: New Gender Option on Form N-400
USCIS has added a third gender option “X” on Form N-400. This new option, labeled “Another Gender Identity,” is a significant step towards inclusivity, allowing individuals to identify outside of the traditional “Male (M)” and “Female (F)” categories for the first time in the history of the form.
N-400 Timeline: How Long Does the Process Take?
As of 2024, the average processing time for Form N-400 is 4.9 months. USCIS has prioritized naturalization applications in recent years, cutting the processing time in half since 2019.
When Can I Apply for Citizenship After Receiving My Green Card?
Generally, a green card holder must wait five years before applying for U.S. citizenship. However, if you are married to a U.S. citizen, this waiting period is reduced to just three years.
Note: The average duration of marriage before applying for citizenship is around 7 years, according to USCIS data.
The 90-Day Early Filing Rule
Good news! If you’ve been a green card holder for the required time, you may be eligible to file your N-400 application up to 90 days early. To determine when you can start, follow these simple steps:
- Find your Green Card Date – Look at the date your Permanent Resident Card (Green Card) was issued.
- Add the wait period – For most people, this is either 3 or 5 years, depending on whether you’re married to a U.S. citizen.
- Subtract 90 days – This is the earliest date you can file your application.
Example:
- Green Card Issued: January 1, 2023
- Eligibility Date (5 years later): January 1, 2028
- Earliest Filing Date: October 3, 2027
Required Documents for Form N-400
When applying for citizenship, you must provide supporting documents to prove your eligibility and verify your identity. Here are some of the essential documents you need to submit:
- Proof of Residency – A copy of your Green Card (Form I-551). If lost, provide a receipt of your Form I-90 (for replacement).
- Payment of Fees – The standard filing fee is $760. You can pay via check, money order, or credit card.
- Photographs – Two recent color photos following USCIS guidelines (if residing outside the U.S., this is required).
Additional documents may be necessary depending on your circumstances, such as:
- Marriage certificates or divorce decrees (if your name has changed).
- Evidence of your spouse’s U.S. citizenship (if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen).
- Military service documentation (if applying based on military service).
How Much Does It Cost to File Form N-400?
As of April 1, 2024, the filing fee for Form N-400 is $760. Additional costs may arise for assistance services, document translation, and mailing. Some applicants may qualify for a fee waiver or reduction.
Who Can File Form N-400?
To apply for U.S. citizenship, you must meet certain eligibility criteria, such as:
- Age: You must be at least 18 years old.
- Residency: You need to have held a green card for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen).
- Good Moral Character: You must demonstrate that you have been a law-abiding resident during your time in the U.S.
If you meet these requirements, you can file Form N-400 to begin your path to U.S. citizenship.
Who Cannot File Form N-400?
If you have not met the eligibility requirements (age, residency, or good moral character), you cannot file Form N-400. Additionally, individuals who acquired U.S. citizenship through a U.S. citizen parent or through other special circumstances are not required to file this form.
N-400 Filing Process: Step-by-Step
Follow this simple step-by-step process when applying for U.S. citizenship:
- Ensure Eligibility: Review your eligibility to confirm you meet the age, residency, and good moral character requirements.
- Gather Supporting Documents: Prepare all the necessary documents as required by USCIS.
- Complete Form N-400: Fill out the form accurately and completely.
- Submit Your Application: You can file online or via mail.
- Biometrics Appointment: After submitting your application, you will be scheduled for a biometrics appointment where USCIS will collect your fingerprints and photographs.
- In-Person Interview: You will attend an interview with a USCIS officer and take a U.S. civics test.
- Oath Ceremony: If your application is approved, you will be invited to a formal oath ceremony to become a U.S. citizen.
Can I File Form N-400 Online?
Yes, you can file Form N-400 online, except in cases where you are applying from abroad or requesting a fee waiver. To apply online, you must create an account with USCIS and sign the application electronically.
Tips for a Smooth N-400 Application Process
To avoid delays or issues with your application, keep these tips in mind:
- Do Use Black Ink: If completing the form by hand, use only black ink.
- Do Double-Check Your Application: Review your form and supporting documents to ensure everything is accurate and complete.
- Do Provide Certified Translations: If your documents are not in English, submit certified translations.
- Don’t Submit Unnecessary Documents: Only provide documents specifically requested by USCIS.
- Don’t Forget to Sign: Make sure to sign your application. Missing signatures can lead to rejection.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What if I’ve moved since submitting my application?
Notify USCIS of your new address within 10 days to avoid missing important updates.
Can I expedite my N-400 application?
In most cases, USCIS does not allow expedited processing for Form N-400. However, certain exceptions may apply.
What is the ‘three-year rule’ for Form N-400?
If you are married to a U.S. citizen, you can apply for naturalization after just 3 years of permanent residency, rather than the usual 5 years.
Applying for U.S. citizenship through Form N-400 is an important step in your immigration journey. By carefully following the requirements, submitting accurate documentation, and understanding the process, you can ensure a smooth path toward becoming a U.S. citizen. If you need guidance or help, Law and Visas can assist you throughout the entire process, from filling out your application to preparing for your citizenship interview.
How Law and Visas Can Help?
At Law and Visas, our team of expert immigration consultants is here to make your travel to the US straightforward and successful. Whether you’re applying for a Green Card, Visitor Visa, or Study Visa, we handle every step from preparing your application to gathering the required documents.
Our immigration Consultants and Lawyers ensure that your application meets the highest standards, with no details missed. We’ll also keep you informed throughout the process and coordinate with the immigration office or embassy on your behalf.
Law and Visas has a strong record of helping clients secure the visas/permits they need in the US. Call us today at +234 812 5505 986 to learn how we can assist you.
