You need a Social Security number (SSN) if you are intending to work in the US or receive Social Security. You are a U.S.. citizen, permanent resident, or on a work visa, so knowing what the SSN is and how to apply for it is very important. Here is how to get your SSN, how to obtain one, and who is eligible.
What Is A Social Security Number (SSN)?
A Social Security Number (SSN) is a 9-digit number generated by the United States government. In the New Deal of Franklin D Roosevelt, the SSN was established to register income and to establish eligibility for Social Security. Nowadays it is used in various financial activities like opening a bank account, requesting credit, and submitting taxes. Social Security doesn’t just go to retirees: the money goes to children, disabled people, and the surviving members of the workforce. You’ll need it to plan for your future money.
Who Needs A Social Security Number?
Everyone who works legally in the US needs an SSN. That is true of U.S. citizens and non-citizens (for example, legal permanent residents or work visa holders). Plus, if you have an SSN, you can begin contributing to Social Security taxes and take deductions for other benefits such as retirement and disability.
This will benefit you if you have 40 work credits (about 10 years of work). You can even be eligible as the spouse or dependent child of a Social Security claimant.
How To Get A Social Security Number As An Immigrant?
You can apply for your SSN differently if you are an immigrant, depending on your status.
1. Applying with Your Visa Application
The quickest place to apply for an SSN is while submitting your visa or green card. Whether you’re applying in the U.S. (through Adjustment of Status) or outside the U.S. (through consular processing), you can request an SSN while applying.
- I-485 (Adjustment of Status) and I-765 (Work Authorization): tick the box indicating you want a Social Security card and agree to send your information to the Social Security Administration (SSA).
- Form DS-230 or DS-260 (if a visa application is outside the U.S.): Click “yes” if asked if you would like an SSN and agree to allow the SSA to process your information.
- Once approved, your SSN will be mailed to you in about 3 weeks.
2. Applying Once You’re in the U.S.
If you didn’t ask for an SSN when you applied for a visa, after entering the US you can apply directly with the SSA using the SS-5 form, and you will be required to bring these documents:
- Documentation of Age: This is usually your birth certificate, though the SSA will consider other documents like a passport or adoption order.
- Identity: You must present proof of identity such as a visa or passport for immigration.
- Attestation of Immigration: If you are a permanent resident, show your Machine-Readable Immigrant Visa (MRIV) or Form I-551.
- You will get your SSN card in 2 weeks after you apply. You can go into your local SSA office and they can give you a hand with the SS-5 form.
How to Apply for a Social Security Number (SSN)
Applying for a Social Security Number (SSN) is essential for anyone looking to work legally in the United States or access various government services. Below is a comprehensive guide on how to apply, the required documents, eligibility criteria, and the significance of having an SSN.
Step-by-Step Guide on How to Apply for an SSN
- Determine Eligibility: Confirm that you meet the eligibility requirements for an SSN. This includes being a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or a foreign national authorized to work in the U.S.
- Complete Application Form: Fill out Form SS-5, the application for a Social Security card. This form can be completed online or printed and filled out manually.
- Gather Required Documents: Collect necessary documents proving your identity and eligibility:
Proof of Identity: Valid passport, state-issued ID, or driver’s license.
The Proof of Immigration Status: Form I-551 (Permanent Resident Card), Form I-766 (Employment Authorization Document), or Form I-94 (Arrival/Departure Record).
Proof of Age: Birth certificate or religious record.
Submit Your Application:
- In-Person Submission: Visit your local Social Security Administration (SSA) office with all required documents. No appointment is necessary, but it is advisable to check if your local office offers appointments.
- Online Submission: Some applicants may begin the process online but must still visit an SSA office to present original documents.
- Wait for Your SSN Card: After submitting your application, expect to receive your SSN card by mail within approximately two weeks.
Eligibility for a Social Security Number
- U.S. Citizens: All U.S. citizens are eligible for an SSN.
- Permanent Residents: Green card holders can apply for an SSN.
- Temporary Residents: Individuals on work visas (e.g., H-1B, F-1 with CPT/OPT) can also obtain an SSN if authorized to work.
- Special Cases:
- Children: Minors can receive an SSN if their parents apply on their behalf.
- Dependents: Spouses and dependents of workers may also be eligible depending on their visa status.
Importance of Having an SSN
An SSN is crucial for several reasons:
- Legal Work Authorization: It is required for employment in the U.S., allowing employers to report earnings and taxes.
- Accessing Government Services: An SSN is necessary for receiving Social Security benefits and other government services.
- Financial Transactions: Banks and lenders use SSNs to track credit history, making it essential for opening bank accounts and applying for loans
SSN and Work Eligibility in the U.S.
The SSN is directly tied to work authorization:
- Employers require employees to provide their SSNs for tax reporting purposes.
- Foreign workers must obtain an SSN as part of their employment process; this is typically done when applying for work visas or after arriving in the U.S.
How to Replace a Lost or Stolen Social Security Card
If your SSN card is lost or stolen:
- Report the loss immediately to prevent identity theft.
- Complete Form SS-5 again and submit it with proof of identity.
- You can request a replacement card online or in person at your local SSA office.
What to Do If You Suspect Identity Theft Involving Your SSN
If you suspect that someone has used your SSN without permission:
- Report the identity theft to the SSA and the IRS.
- Place a fraud alert on your credit reports by contacting one of the major credit bureaus.
- Monitor your credit reports regularly for unauthorized activity.
The Role of Your SSN in Taxes
Your SSN plays a vital role in tax processes:
- It is used by the IRS to track tax payments and refunds.
- Ensure that your SSN is correctly listed on all tax documents; incorrect information can lead to complications with tax filings.
Can You Have More Than One Social Security Number?
Having multiple Social Security Numbers (SSNs) is a complex issue that can arise under specific circumstances. While it is generally not permissible to have more than one SSN, certain situations can lead to individuals being assigned multiple numbers.
Is It Possible to Have Multiple SSNs?
Yes, it is possible to have more than one SSN, but this typically occurs due to administrative errors or specific life circumstances. For instance, individuals may receive a new SSN if their original number was issued due to identity theft or if they have a change in immigration status. The Social Security Administration (SSA) has protocols in place to manage these cases, ensuring that only one SSN remains active for each individual, while others are retired to prevent confusion and fraud.
What to Do If You Think You’ve Been Issued Multiple SSNs
If you suspect that you have been issued multiple SSNs, it is crucial to take action:
- Contact the SSA: Reach out to the SSA for clarification. They can verify your records and determine whether multiple SSNs exist.
- Gather Documentation: Collect any documentation related to your SSNs, such as old cards or correspondence from the SSA.
- Follow SSA Instructions: The SSA will guide you on how to resolve discrepancies and may require you to complete forms or provide additional information.
How to Resolve Discrepancies or Issues with Multiple SSNs
To resolve issues related to multiple SSNs:
- File a Report: If you believe you have been assigned an incorrect SSN, file a report with the SSA.
- Provide Evidence: Submit any evidence that supports your claim, such as identification documents or previous SSN cards.
- Monitor Your Records: Regularly check your earnings record and personal information with the SSA to ensure accuracy.
What to Do If You Change Your Name and Need a New SSN Card
If you change your name and need a new SSN card:
- Complete Form SS-5: Fill out the application for a new Social Security card.
- Provide Legal Documentation: Include legal documents that verify your name change, such as a marriage certificate or court order.
- Submit Your Application: Send your application and documentation to the SSA either online or in person at your local office.
How to Protect Your Social Security Number
Safeguarding your SSN is vital in preventing fraud and identity theft. Here are some tips:
- Limit Sharing: Only provide your SSN when absolutely necessary, such as for tax purposes or when applying for credit.
- Secure Documents: Store documents containing your SSN in a safe place, such as a locked drawer or safe.
- Shred Sensitive Papers: Shred any documents that contain your SSN before disposing of them.
Social Security Number vs. Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN)
Understanding the difference between an SSN and a TIN is essential:
- SSN: Primarily used for tracking earnings and benefits; issued by the SSA.
- TIN: A broader term that includes various identification numbers used for tax purposes, including Employer Identification Numbers (EINs) and Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs).
When filing taxes:
- Use your SSN if you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident.
- Use an ITIN if you are not eligible for an SSN but need to file taxes.
Social Security Number for Non-Citizens
Non-U.S. citizens can apply for an SSN under specific conditions:
- Eligibility: Temporary workers, permanent residents, and international students can apply if authorized to work in the U.S.
- Application Process: Non-citizens must provide proof of immigration status along with their application.
Special Considerations for Non-Citizens
Visa holders and DACA recipients may face unique challenges when applying for an SSN. It’s essential for them to provide appropriate documentation proving their work eligibility.
What Happens If You Don’t Have a Social Security Number?
Not having an SSN can lead to significant consequences:
- Inability to Work Legally: Without an SSN, individuals cannot work legally in the U.S.
- Tax Filing Issues: Individuals without an SSN cannot file taxes properly.
For those who do not qualify for an SSN:
- Applying for an ITIN may be an alternative solution for tax purposes.
Social Security Number for Children and Minors
Applying for an SSN for children involves:
- Documentation Needed: Birth certificate and proof of identity of the parent or guardian.
- Why Children Need an SSN: An SSN is necessary for tax benefits, health care coverage, and establishing credit history later in life.
Frequently Asked Questions
How To Get Reset An Is Lost Or Forgotten SSN Card?
You can get a replacement for your SSN card after the original application has expired or stolen. You’ll also need evidence of who you are (passport, documents verifying immigration status). Replacement cards are free but there are three replacement cards per year and 10 lifetime.
What If I Do Not Have Work Authorization And I Need An SSN?
Generally, you must have permission to work in the United States to get an SSN. However, there are exceptions. If you have federal or state benefits, you might be able to get an SSN if you can get an agency letter to show that you need the SSN to get the benefit.
Is It A Problem If Someone Gets My SSN?
Someone can get your SSN stolen and open accounts, get treated, and possibly a job under your name. Keep your identity safe and never send out your SSN if you don’t know who you are dealing with. Get your SSN stolen immediately to the SSA, the IRS, and IdentityTheft.gov to complain.
What Does It Cost To Apply For A Social Security Number?
Apply for an SSN and get the card for free. You don’t have to apply for a replacement card either.
Applying for an SSN can be intimidating, especially if you are applying for a visa or green card. Law and Visas can take you through it and make your application seamless. Please call us today and start your immigration journey, we’ll be there for you every step of the way.
How Law and Visas Can Help?
At Law and Visas, our team of expert immigration consultants is here to make your travel to the United States straightforward and successful. Whether you’re applying for an H-1B or an F-1 Visa, we handle every step—from preparing your application to gathering the required documents.
Our Immigration Consultants and Lawyers ensure that your application meets the highest standards, with no details missed. We’ll also keep you informed throughout the process and coordinate with the immigration office or embassy on your behalf.
Law and Visas has a strong record of helping clients secure the visas/permits they need to visit the United States. Call us today at +234 812 5505 986 to learn how we can help you.
