The U.S. citizenship interview is a key part of the process of becoming a U.S. citizen. This is the moment when the U.S. government evaluates your eligibility based on the information and documents you’ve submitted. During the interview, a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer will ask questions about your application (Form N-400) and test your knowledge of U.S. history, government, and English. This interview happens on the same day as the citizenship test.
If you’re feeling anxious about the interview, don’t worry! With the right preparation, you can handle this step with confidence. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about the interview, from preparation to what happens afterward.
What to Expect Before Your Citizenship Interview
When Will My Interview Take Place?
After completing your application and biometrics, USCIS will send you an appointment notice with your interview date and time. It’s important to arrive at least 30 minutes early to check in. If you need to reschedule, make sure to contact USCIS as soon as possible, but keep in mind that rescheduling may cause significant delays.
Where Will My Interview Be Held?
Your appointment notice will provide the address of the USCIS field office where your interview will take place. The USCIS office is assigned based on the ZIP code in the “Current Physical Address” section of your Form N-400.
What Should I Bring?
Make sure to bring your appointment notice and any required supporting documents. A full list of these documents is available in our guide to the U.S. citizenship interview.
How Long Will the Interview Last?
The interview typically lasts about 20 minutes, but this can vary.
Can Someone Go With Me?
You may bring a representative, interpreter, or family member, depending on your needs. Check the details below for more information about who can accompany you.
How Should I Dress?
There are no strict dress codes for the interview, but it’s a good idea to wear “business casual” attire. This will help you make a good impression on the USCIS officer.
During the Interview: What Happens?
When you arrive at the USCIS field office, you’ll go through security and show your appointment notice and a photo ID. After that, you will wait with other applicants until it’s your turn for the interview.
Once you’re called, the USCIS officer will place you under oath and begin asking questions. This is also when the English-speaking test begins. The officer will evaluate your ability to communicate in basic English during the interview.
Things the Officer Will Look For:
- Consistency: Your answers during the interview should match the information on your Form N-400.
- English Ability: The officer will assess your ability to understand and respond in English.
What If My Answers Don’t Match?
If your interview answers differ from what’s written on your application, the officer may update your application. This won’t automatically harm your chances of approval, as long as your explanation makes sense.
Can the Interview Be Recorded?
The officer may record the interview for training or documentation purposes. If you want to review the recording, you can request it later under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).
After the Interview: What Happens Next?
At the end of your interview, you will receive a notice with the results of your interview and test. USCIS may approve your application on the same day or send you a decision within 120 days.
Possible Outcomes:
- Approval: Your citizenship application is approved, and you may be scheduled for your Oath of Allegiance ceremony soon after.
- Denial: Your application is rejected for failing to meet eligibility criteria.
- Continuation: Your application may be continued if more documents or information is needed, or if you didn’t pass part of the citizenship test.
What If My Application Is Continued?
If your application is continued, USCIS will send a Request for Evidence (RFE) for additional documents. You may also be asked to take another test or attend a second interview.
How to Prepare for Your U.S. Citizenship Interview
To prepare for your interview:
- Review Your Application: Make sure you’re familiar with everything you wrote on Form N-400.
- Study for the Test: The citizenship test includes questions about U.S. history, government, and English. Review these topics to feel confident.
- Prepare for Potential Questions: Be ready to explain any changes since you filed your application, such as a name change or any legal issues.
Tips for Success:
- Be honest about your history. If USCIS finds that you lied during the interview, it could result in denial or even deportation.
- Keep track of any changes in your records, especially if you’ve had encounters with the law.
- Request your A-File (immigration history) if you need to review old documents. This can help you answer questions more accurately.
Who Can Accompany You to the Interview?
Depending on your needs, you can bring:
- An Attorney or Representative: If you want to ensure your rights are respected during the interview, bring a legal representative. They must submit Form G-28 to USCIS.
- Interpreter: If you’re exempt from the English test or prefer another language, you can bring an interpreter, or USCIS may provide one.
- Family Member or Guardian: If you have a disability, you may bring a family member or legal guardian for support, but you should check with USCIS beforehand.
U.S. Citizenship Interview FAQs
How Long Does the Citizenship Interview Process Take?
The interview process can take a few weeks to several months, depending on your case and the availability of USCIS resources.
What Questions Will Be Asked?
You’ll be asked about your background, your eligibility for citizenship, and your knowledge of English, U.S. history, and government.
What is the Naturalization Oath?
The Oath of Allegiance is the final step in becoming a U.S. citizen. It involves swearing loyalty to the U.S. and promising to uphold its Constitution.
What Are the Rights and Responsibilities of a U.S. Citizen?
U.S. citizens have the right to vote, serve on a jury, obtain a passport, and receive government protections and services. Responsibilities include paying taxes, following the law, and contributing to society.
